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Altered circadian profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder : an integrative review and theoretical framework for future studies
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| Disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle and the circadian system have been found in a wide range of psychiatric disorders and are generally correlated with clinical severity and diminished quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests similar disturbances may be found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here we review the available literature on across the day fluctuations in ADHD-related processes in terms of; (i) time of day effects on behavior and activity; (ii) morningness-eveningness chronotypology; (iii) sleep/wake rhythms; and (iv) rhythmicity in neuroendocrine and neurophysiological responsiveness. On this basis, we propose a neurobiological framework to guide future study, which sees circadian effects in ADHD, along with other aspects of ADHD arousal-related deficits (e.g., cognitive energetic deficits), as being the result of dysregulated locus coeruleus function. Based on this perspective specific recommendations for future research are presented. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | | |
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English
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Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. - Fayetteville, N. Y, 1978, currens | |
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Fayetteville, N. Y : ANKHO International Inc, 2012
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0149-7634
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36:8(2012), p. 1897-1919
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000309098500008
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