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Title
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Scapular positioning and motor control in children and adults : a laboratory study using clinical measures
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Author
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Abstract
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| Introduction The scapular muscular system is the major determinant of scapular positioning. In addition, strength and muscular endurance develops from childhood through adolescence. It is not known whether differences in scapular positioning and motor control between adults and children may exist. Methods Ninety-two shoulders of 46 adults (mean = 39.4; 1886 years; SD = 22.5), and 116 shoulders of 59 children (mean = 11.6; 617 years; SD = 3.5), were included in the study. Scapular positioning data were collected using a clinical assessment protocol including visual observation of titling and winging, measurement of forward shoulder posture, measurement of scapular upward rotation, and the Kinetic Medial Rotation Test (KMRT). Results The observation protocol for scapular winging and tilting did not show significant differences between adults and children. After controlling for height, forward shoulder posture (relaxed (0.28 cm/cm (0.06) vs. 0.31 cm/cm (0.07) and retracted (0.15 cm/cm (0.05) vs. 0.20 cm/cm (0.06)) were significantly smaller in children than in adults (P < 0.01). In addition, children showed greater scapular upward rotation (18.6°; SD 9.6°) than adults (14.5°; SD 10.9°) at 90° shoulder abduction. No significant differences were seen between children (19% positive test) and adults (24% positive test) using the KMRT. Conclusion Children and adults show significant but small differences in scapular upward rotation and forward shoulder posture. These data provide useful reference values using a clinical protocol. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Manual therapy / Manipulation Association of Chartered Physiotherapists. - Edinburgh
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Publication
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Edinburgh
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2011
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ISSN
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1356-689X
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DOI
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10.1016/J.MATH.2010.09.002
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Volume/pages
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16
:2
(2011)
, p. 155-160
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ISI
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000287910800009
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
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