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Title
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Co-exposure to lead increases the renal response to low levels of cadmium in metallurgy workers
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Author
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Abstract
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| Purpose Research on the effect of co-exposure to Cd and Pb on the kidney is scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of co-exposure to these metals on biomarkers of early renal effect. Methods Cd in blood (Cd-B), Cd in urine (Cd-U), Pb in blood (Pb-B) and urinary renal biomarkers, i.e., microalbumin (μ-Alb), beta-2-microglobulin (β2-MG), retinol binding protein (RBP), N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) were measured in 122 metallurgic refinery workers examined in a cross-sectional survey. Results and conclusions The median Cd-B, Cd-U, Pb-B were: 0.8 μg/l (IQR = 0.5, 1.2), 0.5 μg/g creatinine (IQR = 0.3, 0.8) and 158.5 μg/l (IQR = 111.0, 219.3), respectively. The impact of Cd-B on the urinary excretion of NAG and IAP was only evident among workers with Pb-B concentrations ≥75th percentile. The association between Cd-U and the renal markers NAG and RBP was also evidenced when Pb-B ≥75th percentile. No statistically significant interaction terms were observed for the associations between Cd-B or Cd-U and the other renal markers under study (i.e., μ-Alb and β2-MG). Our findings indicate that Pb increases the impact of Cd exposure on early renal biomarkers. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Toxicology letters. - Amsterdam
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Publication
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Amsterdam
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2013
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ISSN
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0378-4274
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DOI
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10.1016/J.TOXLET.2013.06.218
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Volume/pages
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222
:2
(2013)
, p. 233-238
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ISI
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000324301900017
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (open access)
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