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Title
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One-year evolution of sleep quality in older users of benzodiazepines : a longitudinal cohort study in Belgian nursing home residents
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Author
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Abstract
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| Objectives Chronic use of benzodiazepines and z-drugs (BZD/Zs), the most commonly used symptomatic treatment for sleep problems, is discouraged because of the unproven long-term effectiveness. In this study, we evaluated 1-year evolution of subjective sleep quality of chronic BZD/Z users compared with nonusers. Methods All cognitively competent residents from ten Belgian nursing homes were screened and compiled in a group of chronic BZD/Z users or nonusers, based on the medication chart. We collected demographic, functional and psychometric characteristics (depressive symptoms with the 8-item Geriatric Depression Scale), sleep parameters (with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI) and medication use. We analysed evolution of sleep quality with nonparametric statistics. Associations with worsening of sleep quality were analysed with linear regression. Results We collected data of 131 BZD/Z users and 95 nonusers. The mean age in both groups was 85 years and 77 % was female. Over a period of 1 year, the PSQI score evolved from 5.2 to 5.8 (p = 0.035) in the BZD/Z users, and from 4.3 to 4.7 (p = 0.078) in the nonusers. Though the mean deterioration in 1 year did not differ significantly between both groups, the BZD/Z users had a significantly worse sleep quality compared with nonusers at both time points. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with worsening sleep quality (beta = -0.243, p < 0.001). Conclusion Sleep quality in chronic BZD/Z users significantly decreased over 1 year and was significantly worse than in nonusers at the end of this period. This study suggests that using BZD/Zs chronically does not maintain or improve sleep quality. Depressive symptoms are an important factor in the deterioration of sleep quality. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Drugs and aging. - Auckland, 1991, currens
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Publication
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Auckland
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Adis International
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2014
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ISSN
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1170-229X
[print]
1179-1969
[online]
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DOI
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10.1007/S40266-014-0203-3
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Volume/pages
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31
:9
(2014)
, p. 677-682
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ISI
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000344619600004
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Pubmed ID
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25145751
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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