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Title
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Retrospective economic evaluation of childhood 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Australia : uncertain herd impact on pneumonia critical
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Author
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Abstract
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| Background: Retrospective cost-effectiveness analyses of vaccination programs using routinely collected post-implementation data are sparse by comparison with pre-program analyses. We performed a retrospective economic evaluation of the childhood 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) program in Australia. Methods: We developed a deterministic multi-compartment model that describes health states related to invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease. Costs (Australian dollars, A$) and health effects (quality-adjusted life years, QALYs) were attached to model states. The perspective for costs was that of the healthcare system and government. Where possible, we used observed changes in the disease rates from national surveillance and healthcare databases to estimate the impact of the PCV7 program (2005-2010). We stratified our cost-effectiveness results into alternative scenarios which differed by the outcome states included. Parameter uncertainty was explored using probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results: The PCV7 program was estimated to have prevented similar to 5900 hospitalisations and similar to 160 deaths from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Approximately half of these were prevented in adults via herd protection. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was similar to A$161,000 per QALY gained when including only IPD-related outcomes. The cost-effectiveness of PCV7 remained in the range A$88,000-$122,000 when changes in various non-invasive disease states were included. The inclusion of observed changes in adult non-invasive pneumonia deaths substantially improved cost-effectiveness (similar to A$9000 per QALY gained). Conclusion: Using the initial vaccine price negotiated for Australia, the PCV7 program was unlikely to have been cost-effective (at conventional thresholds) unless observed reductions in non-invasive pneumonia deaths in the elderly are attributed to it. Further analyses are required to explore this finding, which has significant implications for the incremental benefit achievable by adult PCV programs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Vaccine / International Society for Vaccines. - Amsterdam
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Publication
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Amsterdam
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2016
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ISSN
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0264-410X
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DOI
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10.1016/J.VACCINE.2015.11.053
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Volume/pages
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34
:3
(2016)
, p. 320-327
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ISI
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000368751800006
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Pubmed ID
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26657187
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (open access)
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