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Title
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Evaluation of the migration of chemicals from baby bottles under standardised and duration testing conditions
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Author
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Abstract
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| After the prohibition of bisphenol-A-containing polycarbonate baby bottles in the European Union (EU), alternative materials, such as polypropylene, polyethersulphone, Tritan T copolyester, etc., have appeared on the market. Based on an initial screening and in vitro toxicity assessment, the most toxic migrating compounds were selected to be monitored and quantified using validated GC-and LC-QqQ-MS methods. The effect of several 'real-life-use conditions', such as microwave, sterilisation and dishwasher, on the migration of different contaminants was evaluated by means of duration tests. These results were compared with a reference treatment (filling five times with pre-heated simulant at 40 degrees C) and with the legal EU 'repetitive-use conditions' (three migrations, 2 h at 70 degrees C). Analysis of the third migration step of the EU repetitive-use conditions (which has to comply with the EU legislative migration limits) showed that several non-authorised compounds were observed in some baby bottles exceeding 10 mu g kg(-1). However, all authorised compounds were detected well below their respective specific migration limits (SMLs). The reference experiment confirmed the migration of some of the compounds previously detected in the EU repetitive-use experiment, though at lower concentrations. Analysis of extracts from the microwave and dishwasher experiments showed a reduction in the migration during the duration tests. In general, the concentrations found were low and comparable with the reference experiment. Similar observations were made for the two sterilisation types: steam and cooking sterilisation. However, steam sterilisation seems to be more recommended for daily use of baby bottles, since it resulted in a lower release of substances afterwards. Repeated use of baby bottles under 'real-life' conditions showed no increase in the migration of investigated compounds and, after some time, the migration of these compounds even became negligible. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Food additives and contaminants : part A : chemistry, analysis, control, exposure and risk assessment. - Abingdon
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EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
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Publication
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Abingdon
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2016
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ISSN
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1944-0049
1944-0057
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DOI
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10.1080/19440049.2016.1171914
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Volume/pages
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33
:5
(2016)
, p. 893-904
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ISI
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000379596100016
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Pubmed ID
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27043734
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (open access)
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Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
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