|
Title
|
|
|
|
Does depression in old age increase only cardiovascular mortality? The Leiden 85-plus Study
| |
|
Author
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
| Background Depression in old age is associated with an increased mortality risk of cardiovascular disease but the mortality risk from non-cardiovascular causes is disputed. Objective To investigate the effect of depression on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in old age. Methods We prospectively followed 500 subjects from age 85 years onwards within the population-based Leiden 85-plus Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed annually with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Mortality risks were estimated in a Cox proportional-hazards model with the annual assessment of depression (GDS-15 greater than or equal to 4 points) as a time-dependent covariate. Results During 1654 person-years of follow-up (mean per person, 3.2 years), depression was associated with a two-fold increase of all cause mortality [Relative Risk (RR), 1.83; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.24-2.69] that was not explained by comorbid conditions. Both cardiovascular mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality contributed equally to the excess mortality (RR 1.95 and 1.75 respectively). Conclusion Depression in old age contributes to an increase of both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. Motivational depletion may play an important role in the increased mortality in elderly with depression. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. |
| |
|
Language
|
|
|
|
English
| |
|
Source (journal)
|
|
|
|
International journal of geriatric psychiatry: a journal of the psychiatry of late life and allied sciences. - Chichester
| |
|
Publication
|
|
|
|
Chichester
:
2004
| |
|
ISSN
|
|
|
|
0885-6230
| |
|
DOI
|
|
|
|
10.1002/GPS.1169
| |
|
Volume/pages
|
|
|
|
19
:9
(2004)
, p. 852-857
| |
|
ISI
|
|
|
|
000223870500005
| |
|
Full text (Publisher's DOI)
|
|
|
|
| |
|