Tuberculosis treatment and risk of stavudine substitution in first-line antiretroviral therapy

Westreich, Daniel J.; Sanne, Ian; Maskew, Mhairi; Malope-Kgokong, Babatyi; Conradie, Francesca; Majuba, Pappie; Funk, Michele Jonsson; Kaufman, Jay S.; Van Rie, Annelies; MacPhail, Patrick

doi:10.1086/598977

Title

Tuberculosis treatment and risk of stavudine substitution in first-line antiretroviral therapy

Author

Westreich, Daniel J.

Sanne, Ian

Maskew, Mhairi

Malope-Kgokong, Babatyi

Conradie, Francesca

Majuba, Pappie

Funk, Michele Jonsson

Kaufman, Jay S.

Van Rie, Annelies

MacPhail, Patrick

Abstract

Background. Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is common among individuals receiving stavudine-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but the effect of TB treatment on stavudine toxicity has received little attention. We estimated the effect of TB treatment on risk of stavudine substitution among individuals receiving first-line HAART. Methods. We evaluated a cohort of 7066 patients who initiated HAART from April 2004 through March 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Three exposure categories were considered: ongoing TB treatment at HAART initiation, concurrent initiation of TB treatment and HAART, and incident TB treatment after HAART initiation. The outcome was single-drug stavudine substitution. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were estimated using marginal structural models to control for confounding, loss to follow-up, and competing risks. Results. Individuals with ongoing and concurrent TB treatment were at increased risk of stavudine substitution, irrespective of stavudine dosage. For ongoing TB treatment, aHR was 3.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-5.56) in the first 2 months of HAART, 2.51 (95% CI, 1.77-3.54) in months 3-6, and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.94-1.52) thereafter. For concurrent TB treatment, aHR was 6.60 (95% CI, 3.03-14.37) in the first 2 months, 1.88 (95% CI, 0.87-4.09) in months 3-6, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.65-1.76) thereafter. There was no effect of incident TB on stavudine substitution risk. Conclusions. Risk of stavudine substitution was increased among patients who received TB treatment and was especially elevated during the period soon after HAART initiation. In settings in which alternative antiretroviral drugs are available, initiation of stavudine therapy in patients receiving TB treatment may need to be reconsidered.

Language

English

Source (journal)

Clinical infectious diseases. - Chicago, Ill.

Publication

Chicago, Ill. : 2009

ISSN

1058-4838

DOI

10.1086/598977

Volume/pages

48 :11 (2009) , p. 1617-1623