Publication
Title
Associations between allergic symptoms and phosphate flame retardants in dust and their urinary metabolites among school children
Author
Abstract
Background Phosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are ubiquitously detected in indoor environments. Despite increasing health concerns pertaining to PFR exposure, few epidemiological studies have examined PFR exposure and its effect on children's allergies. Objectives To investigate the association between PFRs in house dust, their metabolites in urine, and symptoms of wheeze and allergies among school-aged children. Methods A total of 128 elementary school-aged children were enrolled. House dust samples were collected from upper-surface objects. Urine samples were collected from the first morning void. Levels of 11 PFRs in dust and 14 PFR metabolites in urine were measured. Parent-reported symptoms of wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema were evaluated using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) of the Ln transformed PFR concentrations and categorical values were calculated using a logistic regression model adjusted for sex, grade, dampness index, annual house income, and creatinine level (for PFR metabolites only). Results The prevalence rates of wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema were 22.7%, 36.7%, and 28.1%, respectively. A significant association between tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in dust and eczema was observed: OR (95% confidence interval), 1.44 (1.131.82) (>limit of detection (LOD) vs LOD vs
Language
English
Source (journal)
Environment international. - Oxford
Publication
Oxford : 2018
ISSN
0160-4120
DOI
10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.07.018
Volume/pages
119 (2018) , p. 438-446
ISI
000444918100048
Full text (Publisher's DOI)
Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
UAntwerpen
Faculty/Department
Research group
Publication type
Subject
Affiliation
Publications with a UAntwerp address
External links
Web of Science
Record
Identifier
Creation 09.10.2018
Last edited 02.10.2024
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