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Title
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The pharmacological management of agitated and aggressive behaviour : a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Author
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Abstract
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| Introduction Non-pharmacological interventions preferably precede pharmacological interventions in acute agitation. Reviews of pharmacological interventions remain descriptive or compare only one compound with several other compounds. The goal of this study is to compute a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect on restoring calmness after a pharmacological intervention, so a more precise recommendation is possible. Method A search in Pubmed and Embase was done to isolate RCTs considering pharmacological interventions in acute agitation. The outcome is reaching calmness within maximum of 2 h, assessed by the psychometric scales of PANSS-EC, CGI or ACES. Also the percentages of adverse effects was assessed. Results Fifty-three papers were included for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Most frequent studied drug is olanzapine. Changes on PANNS-EC and ACES at 2 h showed the strongest changes for haloperidol plus promethazine, risperidon, olanzapine, droperidol and aripiprazole. However, incomplete data showed that the effect of risperidon is overestimated. Adverse effects are most prominent for haloperidol and haloperidol plus lorazepam. Conclusion Olanzapine, haloperidol plus promethazine or droperidol are most effective and safe for use as rapid tranquilisation. Midazolam sedates most quickly. But due to increased saturation problems, midazolam is restricted to use within an emergency department of a general hospital. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - Paris, 1991, currens
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Publication
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Issy-les-moulineaux
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Elsevier france-editions scientifiques medicales elsevier
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2019
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ISSN
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0924-9338
[print]
1778-3585
[online]
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DOI
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10.1016/J.EURPSY.2019.01.014
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Volume/pages
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57
(2019)
, p. 78-100
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ISI
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000461333900011
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Pubmed ID
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30721802
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (open access)
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Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
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