|
Title
|
|
|
|
Uremic toxin concentrations are related to residual kidney function in the pediatric hemodialysis population
| |
|
Author
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
| Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) play a role in the multisystem disease that children on hemodialysis (HD) are facing, but little is known about their levels and protein binding (%PB). In this study, we evaluated the levels and %PB of six PBUTs cross-sectionally in a large pediatric HD cohort (n = 170) by comparing these with healthy and non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4-5 (n = 24) children. In parallel 2-microglobulin (2M) and uric acid (UA) were evaluated. We then explored the impact of age and residual kidney function on uremic toxin levels and %PB using analysis of covariance and Spearman correlation coefficients (r(s)). We found higher levels of 2M, p-cresyl glucuronide (pCG), hippuric acid (HA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and indoxyl sulfate (IxS) in the HD compared to the CKD4-5 group. In the HD group, a positive correlation between age and pCG, HA, IxS, and pCS levels was shown. Residual urine volume was negatively correlated with levels of 2M, pCG, HA, IAA, IxS, and CMPF (r(s) -0.2 to -0.5). In addition, we found overall lower %PB of PBUTs in HD versus the CKD4-5 group, and showed an age-dependent increase in %PB of IAA, IxS, and pCS. Furhtermore, residual kidney function was overall positively correlated with %PB of PBUTs. In conclusion, residual kidney function and age contribute to PBUT levels and %PB in the pediatric HD population. |
| |
|
Language
|
|
|
|
English
| |
|
Source (journal)
|
|
|
|
Toxins
| |
|
Publication
|
|
|
|
2019
| |
|
ISSN
|
|
|
|
2072-6651
| |
|
DOI
|
|
|
|
10.3390/TOXINS11040235
| |
|
Volume/pages
|
|
|
|
11
:4
(2019)
, 15 p.
| |
|
Article Reference
|
|
|
|
235
| |
|
ISI
|
|
|
|
000467299600053
| |
|
Pubmed ID
|
|
|
|
31022857
| |
|
Medium
|
|
|
|
E-only publicatie
| |
|
Full text (Publisher's DOI)
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Full text (open access)
|
|
|
|
| |
|