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Title
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Investigating the DSM-5 criteria for non-suicidal self-injury disorder in a community sample of adolescents
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Author
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Abstract
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| Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern in adolescents. In 2013, DSM-5 recognized NSSI as a distinct clinical phenomenon and made a call for more systematic research by including Non-Suicidal Self-Injury-Disorder (NSSI-D) as a condition requiring further research. Yet, few studies have examined the prevalence of NSSI-D in adolescents using the exact DSM-5 criteria. Additionally, the few studies available criticised several of the proposed diagnostic criteria and pointed out that more research is needed. Methods: Therefore, we examined prevalence rates of NSSI-D and investigated the four most controversial criteria (i.e., criteria A, B/C, and E) in a large community sample of adolescents (N = 2,130; 54% female; M-age = 15, SD = 1.81). Results: Our results show an overall NSSI-D prevalence rate of 7.6%, with significantly more girls (11.7%) than boys (2.9%) meeting the diagnosis. The prevalence of NSSI-D dropped to 5.5% when an alternative criterion A (i.e., >= 10 days of NSSI in the past year) was implemented. In our sample, 87% and 99% of adolescents with lifetime NSSI met criteria B and C, which clearly questions the clinical utility of these criteria for the DSM-5 diagnosis of NSSI-D. Importantly, however, although criterion E received relatively low endorsement, it significantly distinguished adolescents with and without NSSI-D from one another. Limitations and conclusion: Although our conclusions are restricted by the cross-sectional nature of our study, these findings show that NSSI-D is common in community adolescents and offer new insights in the endorsement and clinical utility of specific NSSI-D criteria. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Journal of affective disorders. - Amsterdam
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Publication
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Amsterdam
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2020
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ISSN
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0165-0327
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DOI
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10.1016/J.JAD.2019.09.009
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Volume/pages
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260
(2020)
, p. 314-322
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ISI
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000490428300042
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Pubmed ID
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31521868
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
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