|
Title
|
|
|
|
Novel and legacy flame retardants in paired human fingernails and indoor dust samples
| |
|
Author
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
| In this study, the occurrence of 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 5 alternative flame retardants (AFRs), and 7 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) was determined in 50 pairs of human fingernail and indoor dust samples. The concentrations in fingernail were 9.79-242 ng/g, 17.7-926 ng/g, and 58.0-590 ng/g for PBDEs, AFR5, and OPFR5. Male fingernail showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher Sigma 8PBDE concentrations than female fingernails, while no significant gender differences were observed for AFR5 and OPFR5. Lower ratios of BDE209 to Sigma 8PBDE and DBDPE to Sigma(5)AFRs were found in fingernails than in dust. Due to their relatively rapid in vivo debromination, BDE 209 and DBDPE in fingernails were most likely from external sources rather than internal exposure (such as through blood circulation). Similar composition profiles between fingernail and dust were observed for PBDEs (excluding BDE209), AFR5 (excluding DBDPE), and OPFR5, indicating that indoor dust may be a significant source for these FRs in human fingernails. Significant correlations between fingernail and dust were observed for BDE 47 (p < 0.01; r = 0.50), TBPH (p < 0.01; r = 0.37) and TBOEP (p < 0.01; r = 0.53). Results in this study provided information about contamination levels and exposure sources of FRs, which is important for long-term biomonitoring and health risk assessment of FRs. |
| |
|
Language
|
|
|
|
English
| |
|
Source (journal)
|
|
|
|
Environment international. - Oxford
| |
|
Publication
|
|
|
|
Oxford
:
2019
| |
|
ISSN
|
|
|
|
0160-4120
| |
|
DOI
|
|
|
|
10.1016/J.ENVINT.2019.105227
| |
|
Volume/pages
|
|
|
|
133
:B
(2019)
, 8 p.
| |
|
Article Reference
|
|
|
|
UNSP 105227
| |
|
ISI
|
|
|
|
000498906200027
| |
|
Pubmed ID
|
|
|
|
31639601
| |
|
Medium
|
|
|
|
E-only publicatie
| |
|
Full text (Publisher's DOI)
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Full text (open access)
|
|
|
|
| |
|