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Title
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L'édition grecque dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux du XVIe siècle
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Author
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Abstract
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| Chistophe Plantin’s Polyglot Bible (Antwerp, 1568–1573) is generally considered a milestone in the history of typography, not least thanks to the aesthetic quality of its Greek texts. In this article, the author explores the emergence of Greek publishing in the Southern Low Countries and the challenges it entailed. The first text containing Greek characters printed in this region dates from 1491, but the first substantial Greek texts only appeared in 1515 and 1516. They were printed by Dirk Martens (c.1447–1534) in the context of the Collegium trilingue, an institute for the study of Latin, Greek and Hebrew created by Erasmus within the university of Leuven. After Martens’s retirement (1529), Greek publishing at Leuven was continued by the Trilingue professor of Greek Rutgerus Rescius, first in association with a German student of his, Johann Sturm, later in close collaboration with another Leuven printer, Bartholomaeus Gravius (†1578). Their text editions were mainly handbooks to be used by the Trilingue students. They were printed in a quarto format, with ample margins and a large line spacing allowing the students to add translations and comments to the texts. In the second half of the sixteenth century however, the centre of Greek publishing moved from Leuven to Antwerp. Several Antwerp printers had already published Greek texts (e.g. Joannes Grapheus), but clearly, the main expert in this field of publishing was Christophe Plantin. Whereas the Leuven printers had used Greek type modelled on Aldus Manutius’s characters, Plantin rather turned to Claude Garamont’s “grecs du roy”, and had them copied by French punchcutters such as Robert Granjon. In 1567, Plantin published a type specimen in which Hebrew and Greek characters were given priority over romans, italics and blackletters. Clearly, his idea was to demonstrate his capacity as a scholarly publisher, in view of the great enterprise he prepared: the publication of the eight-volume Polyglot Bible. Plantin’s Greek type was also used to print other Greek texts, such as Fulvio Orsini's Carmina novem illustrium feminarum next to a series of Greek textbooks used in secundary schools. This last genre was continued by Plantin’s son-in-law Joannes Moretus, who for some time had a monopoly on printing Greek textbooks for the Jesuit colleges. However, Moretus’s last Greek publication appeared in 1612. In all, the tradition of Greek printing in the Southern Low Countries had only lasted for nearly a century. The tradition then moved to the Dutch Republic, where Plantin’s daughter Marguerite and his son-in-law Franciscus Raphelengius picked up the torch. |
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Language
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French
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Source (book)
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Les femmes illustres de l'antiquité grecque au miroir des modernes (XIVe-XVIe siècle). Avec un Hommage à Christophe Plantin / Cuny, Diane [edit.]; et al. [edit.]
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Source (series)
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Collection Christophe Plantin ; 9
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Publication
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Parijs
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Beauchesne
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2020
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ISBN
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978-2-7010-2291-8
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Volume/pages
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p. 25-40
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Full text (open access)
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