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Title
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Longitudinal development of non-suicidal self-injury disorder in adolescence : prospective prediction of stability and change by identity development, depression, trauma, and resilience
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Author
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Abstract
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| Background: With the introduction of non-suicidal self-injury disorder (NSSI-D) in DSM-5, the field obtained a standardised set of criteria to study those engaging in more severe and chronic NSSI. To date, no previous research has studied the development of NSSI-D longitudinally, leaving questions on its stability and potential prospective predictors unanswered.Methods: 2162 community adolescents (M = 15.00 years, SD = 1.88, 53.9 % girls at T1) completed a set of self -report questionnaires for three consecutive years and were classified into three severity-based NSSI subgroups (no-NSSI, subthreshold-NSSI, NSSI-D). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to prospectively predict subgroup membership by age, gender, identity development, depressive symptoms, traumatic experiences, and resilience. Results: At baseline, the sample was distributed over the no-NSSI group (88 %), the subthreshold-NSSI (6 %) and NSSI-D (6 %) groups. These groups respectively showed high (93.5 %), low (25 %) and moderate (47.5 %) stability over one-year intervals. Longitudinally, higher levels of identity confusion and trauma significantly increased the likelihood of transitioning to subthreshold-NSSI. Moreover, boys had a higher likelihood of transitioning from NSSI-D to no-NSSI over the course of one year.Conclusions: This three-year study provides the first indication of the longitudinal course of NSSI-D with the current set of DSM-5 criteria. Clinically, the results suggest the particular potential of identity confusion and trauma as prevention targets in community adolescents. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Journal of affective disorders. - Amsterdam
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Publication
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Amsterdam
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2023
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ISSN
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0165-0327
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DOI
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10.1016/J.JAD.2023.08.134
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Volume/pages
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342
(2023)
, p. 210-217
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ISI
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001083310800001
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Pubmed ID
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37690540
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (open access)
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Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
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