Title
|
|
|
|
Nitrogen effects on grassland biomass production and biodiversity are stronger than those of phosphorus
| |
Author
|
|
|
|
| |
Abstract
|
|
|
|
Human-induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment have profound effects on grassland net primary production (NPP) and species richness. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relative contribution of N vs. P addition and their interaction on grassland NPP increase and species loss remains elusive. We compiled data from 80 field manipulative studies and conducted a meta-analysis (2107 observations world-wide) to evaluate the individual and combined effects of N and P addition on grassland NPP and species richness. We found that both N addition and P addition significantly enhanced grassland above-ground NPP (ANPP; 33.2% and 14.2%, respectively), but did not affect total NPP, below-ground NPP (BNPP), and species evenness. Species richness significantly decreased with N addition (11.7%; by decreasing forbs) probably due to strong decreased soil pH, but not with P addition. The combined effects of N and P addition were generally stronger than the individual effects of N or P addition, and we found the synergistic effects on ANPP, and additive effects on total NPP, BNPP, species richness, and evenness within the combinations of N and P addition. In addition, N and P addition effects were strongly affected by moderator variables (e.g. climate and fertilization type, duration and amount of fertilizer addition). These results demonstrate a higher relative contribution of N than P addition to grassland NPP increase and species loss, although the effects varied across climate and fertilization types. The existing data also reveals that more long-term (≥5 years) experimental studies that combine N and P and test multifactor effects in different climate zones (particularly in boreal grasslands) are needed to provide a more solid basis for forecasting grassland community response and C sequestration response to nutrient enrichment at the global scale. |
| |
Language
|
|
|
|
English
| |
Source (journal)
|
|
|
|
Environmental pollution. - London, 1987, currens
| |
Publication
|
|
|
|
London
:
2022
| |
ISSN
|
|
|
|
0269-7491
[print]
1873-6424
[online]
| |
DOI
|
|
|
|
10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.119720
| |
Volume/pages
|
|
|
|
309
(2022)
, p. 1-10
| |
Article Reference
|
|
|
|
119720
| |
ISI
|
|
|
|
000831061200002
| |
Pubmed ID
|
|
|
|
35810985
| |
Medium
|
|
|
|
E-only publicatie
| |
Full text (Publisher's DOI)
|
|
|
|
| |
Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
|
|
|
|
| |
|