Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA) : final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women

Paavonen, J.; Naud, P.; Salmerón, J.; Wheeler, C.M.; Chow, S.-N.; Apter, D.; Kitchener, H.; Castellsague, X.; Teixeira, J.C.; Skinner, S.R.; Hedrick, J.; Jaisamrarn, U.; Limson, G.; Garland, S.; Szarewski, A.; Romanowski, B.; Aoki, F.Y.; Schwarz, T.F.; Poppe, W.A.J.; Bosch, F.X.; Jenkins, D.; Hardt, K.; Zahaf, T.; Descamps, D.; Struyf, F.; Lehtinen, M.; Dubin, G.; Tjalma, W.; HPV PATRICIA Study Group

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61248-4

Title

Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA) : final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women

Author

Paavonen, J.

Naud, P.

Salmerón, J.

Wheeler, C.M.

Chow, S.-N.

Apter, D.

Kitchener, H.

Castellsague, X.

Teixeira, J.C.

Skinner, S.R.

Hedrick, J.

Jaisamrarn, U.

Limson, G.

Garland, S.

Szarewski, A.

Romanowski, B.

Aoki, F.Y.

Schwarz, T.F.

Poppe, W.A.J.

Bosch, F.X.

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Institution/Organisation

HPV PATRICIA Study Group

Abstract

Background The human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was immunogenic, generally well tolerated, and effective against HPV-16 or HPV-18 infections, and associated precancerous lesions in an event-triggered interim analysis of the phase III randomised, double-blind, controlled PApilloma TRIal against Cancer In young Adults (PATRICIA). We now assess the vaccine efficacy in the final event-driven analysis. Methods Women (15–25 years) were vaccinated at months 0, 1, and 6. Analyses were done in the according-to-protocol cohort for efficacy (ATP-E; vaccine, n=8093; control, n=8069), total vaccinated cohort (TVC, included all women receiving at least one vaccine dose, regardless of their baseline HPV status; represents the general population, including those who are sexually active; vaccine, n=9319; control, n=9325), and TVC-naive (no evidence of oncogenic HPV infection at baseline; represents women before sexual debut; vaccine, n=5822; control, n=5819). The primary endpoint was to assess vaccine efficacy against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN2+) that was associated with HPV-16 or HPV-18 in women who were seronegative at baseline, and DNA negative at baseline and month 6 for the corresponding type (ATP-E). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00122681 . Findings Mean follow-up was 34·9 months (SD 6·4) after the third dose. Vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ associated with HPV-16/18 was 92·9% (96·1% CI 79·9–98·3) in the primary analysis and 98·1% (88·4–100) in an analysis in which probable causality to HPV type was assigned in lesions infected with multiple oncogenic types (ATP-E cohort). Vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ irrespective of HPV DNA in lesions was 30·4% (16·4–42·1) in the TVC and 70·2% (54·7–80·9) in the TVC-naive. Corresponding values against CIN3+ were 33·4% (9·1–51·5) in the TVC and 87·0% (54·9–97·7) in the TVC-naive. Vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ associated with 12 non-vaccine oncogenic types was 54·0% (34·0–68·4; ATP-E). Individual cross-protection against CIN2+ associated with HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-45 was seen in the TVC. Interpretation The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine showed high efficacy against CIN2+ associated with HPV-16/18 and non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types and substantial overall effect in cohorts that are relevant to universal mass vaccination and catch-up programmes.

Language

English

Source (journal)

The lancet : international edition. - London, 1823, currens

Publication

London : 2009

ISSN

0140-6736 [print]

1474-547X [online]

DOI

10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61248-4

Volume/pages