Publication
Title
Deferred cord clamping to improve neonatal blood values : a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author
Abstract
Background: Practices related to umbilical cord clamping at birth should be evidence-based. Deferred cord clamping, compared to immediate cord clamping, shows benefits for preterm neonates but this may also apply to healthy term neonates. Different blood sampling techniques are used to measure effect of deferred and immediate cord clamping. Objective: To assess the statistical and effect size differences between blood biomarkers from umbilical cord and capillary blood samples of healthy term neonates following either immediate or deferred cord clamping. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The databases PubMed, Medline, CENTRAL, CINAHL and EMBASE were systematically searched. We included studies with a randomised clinical trial design comparing deferred and immediate cord clamping among healthy term neonates born by a spontaneous vaginal birth, reporting on blood biomarkers. Studies including caesarean births and premature births/neonates were excluded. Study attributes, sampling technique, blood biomarkers, mean differences, and standard deviations were extracted. The standardised mean differences (SMD) and sampling errors were calculated for effect size estimation. Meta-analyses were performed if >= 2 studies reported the same outcome using RevMan 5. Subgroup analyses distinguished effects from umbilical cord and capillary blood samples. Moderator tests and publication bias analyses were performed using JASP. Results: Fifteen studies were included for analysis. The biomarkers haematocrit, haemoglobin, and bilirubin were reported in >= 2 studies and thus eligible for pooling. No differences were found in haemoglobin (SMD -0.04, 95%CI -0.57 to 0.49) or bilirubin values (SMD 0.13, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.28) between umbilical cord blood samples collected after deferred or immediate cord clamping. Deferred cord clamping led to lower haematocrit values (SMD -0.3, 95%CI -0.53 to -0.07). Higher haematocrit (SMD 0.67, 95%CI 0.37 to 0.97) and haemoglobin values (SMD 0.76, 95%CI 0.56 to 0.97) from capillary blood samples, collected 2 to 72 h postpartum, showed when cord clamping was deferred. No effect was found on bilirubin values (SMD 0.13, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.28) irrespective of the sampling technique. Conclusions: Blood collected after deferred umbilical cord clamping showed increased haemoglobin and haematocrit values up to 72 h after birth, opposed to bilirubin values. Clinical evaluation of blood biomarkers from the umbilical cord shows different values compared to capillary blood. Sampling time and technique therefore seem essential in estimating the effects of deferred cord clamping. Tweetable abstract:This meta-analysis shows that sampling time and technique are essential in estimating the effects of deferred cord clamping on neonatal blood values. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Language
English
Source (journal)
International journal of nursing studies. - Oxford
Related dataset(s)
Publication
Oxford : Pergamon-elsevier science ltd , 2024
ISSN
0020-7489
DOI
10.1016/J.IJNURSTU.2024.104718
Volume/pages
153 (2024) , p. 1-10
Article Reference
104718
ISI
001199272100001
Pubmed ID
38417349
Full text (Publisher's DOI)
Full text (open access)
UAntwerpen
Faculty/Department
Research group
Publication type
Subject
Affiliation
Publications with a UAntwerp address
External links
Web of Science
Record
Identifier
Creation 02.05.2024
Last edited 06.11.2024
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