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Title
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La Hispanidad franquista y sus márgenes : nación, raza y género en la producción literaria española del primer franquismo sobre Filipinas y Guinea Ecuatorial (1939-1959)
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Author
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Abstract
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| This thesis analyzes ten literary works produced during the early Francoist period (1939–1959) that explore themes related to Equatorial Guinea and the Philippines. The works span six literary genres: travel novels, missionary novels, essays, 1898-inspired novels, plantation novels, and biographies. Each chapter compares two works per genre, with one focused on each territory, highlighting shared tropes, contrasting yet complementary elements in their depictions of both territories and examining the colonial ideologies they convey regarding gender, race and nation. The thesis argues that the representation of both Equatorial Guinea and the Philippines in early Francoist literature shows striking similarities despite the differing relationships between Franco’s regime and each territory, Equatorial Guinea being still an Spanish colony and the Philippines and American colony and independent since 1946. The analysis suggests that Francoism revived 19th-century racial and colonial ideologies to narrate its colonization of Equatorial Guinea, while drawing on an idealized narration of the Philippines’ colonial past as proof of Spain’s benevolent civilizing mission in Africa and the necessary unity between Church and State in the Metropolis. The thesis argues that the colonial relationship with the Philippines and the cultural legacies of their Spanish colonization influenced both Francoism’s treatment of Equatorial Guinea and the broader framework of Spain’s colonial discourse. Furthermore, the thesis explores the contrasting treatment of the Philippines and Equatorial Guinea by the Francoist regime. The regime avoided overtly racist rhetoric towards Filipinos, representing them as more civilized and even as a model independent yet Hispanic nation, but reproduced exclusionary discourses from the colonial period, specially those referring to the Filipino war of independence or the non-Catholic inhabitants of the archipelago. In contrast, Equatorial Guinea’s population was portrayed as racially inferior and in need of "elevation" through Spanish colonialism, even though there were debates about the possibility and timing of that acculturation, and how the metropolis should react to it. Despite its claims of exceptionalism, Francoism borrowed heavily from European colonial ideologies and adapted them to its symbolic vision of Spain’s imperial past. The dissertation concludes that Francoism articulated a Eurocentric civilizational hierarchy, presenting Fascist and Catholic Spaniards as the ideal citizens while portraying the inhabitants of its colonies—especially Africans and "unacculturated" Filipinos—as inferior. Nevertheless, by admitting mimetic colonized subjects in the upper positions of this hierarchy, Francoism and its literature crafted an ambivalent narrative that legitimized its colonization of Africa and its diplomatic and cultural ties with former Spanish colonies. |
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Language
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Spanish
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Publication
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Antwerpen
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Universiteit Antwerpen, Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, Departement Letterkunde
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2025
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DOI
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10.63028/10067/2113120151162165141
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Volume/pages
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601 p.
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Note
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Arbaiza, Diana [Supervisor]
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Casanova, Rocio Ortuño [Supervisor]
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Full text (open access)
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The publisher created published version Available from 03.02.2027
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