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Title
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Hexabromocyclododecanes and tetrabromobisphenol-A in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, UK: implications for human exposure
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Author
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Abstract
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| Hexabromocyclododecanes (á-, â-, and ã-HBCDs) and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A) were determined in indoor air from homes (n = 33; median concentrations ÓHBCDs = 180 pg m−3; TBBP-A = 15 pg m−3), offices (n = 25; 170; 11), public microenvironments (n = 4; 900; 27) and outdoor air (n = 5; 37; 1). HBCDs and TBBP-A were also determined in dust from homes (n = 45; median concentrations ÓHBCDs = 1300 ng g−1; TBBP-A = 62 ng g−1), offices (n = 28; 760; 36), cars (n = 20; 13,000; 2), and public microenvironments (n = 4; 2700; 230). While ÓHBCDs in car dust significantly exceeded (p < 0.05) those in homes and offices, TBBP-A in car dust was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in homes and offices. No significant differences were observed between ÓHBCDs and TBBP-A in air or dust from homes and offices. Compared to dietary and inhalation exposures, dust ingestion constitutes an important pathway of exposure to HBCDs and TBBP-A for the UK population. Specifically, using average dust ingestion rates and concentrations in dust, dust ingestion constitutes for adults 34% (TBBP-A) and 24% (HBCDs) of overall exposure, and for toddlers 90% (TBBP-A) and 63% (HBCDs). Inhalation appears a minor exposure pathway to both HBCDs and TBBP-A. On average, dust is 33% á-, 11% â-, and 56% ã-HBCD, while air is 22% á-, 11% â-, and 65% ã-HBCD. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Environmental science and technology / American Chemical Society. - Easton, Pa
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Publication
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Easton, Pa
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2008
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ISSN
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0013-936X
[print]
1520-5851
[online]
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DOI
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10.1021/ES801110A
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Volume/pages
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42
:18
(2008)
, p. 6855-6861
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ISI
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000259139400017
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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