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Title
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Clinical-grade manufacturing of autologous mature mRNA-electroporated dendritic cells and safety testing in acute myeloid leukemia patients in a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial
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Author
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Abstract
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| Background aims RNA-electroporated dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are rapidly gaining interest as therapeutic cancer vaccines. We report on a phase I dose-escalation trial using clinical-grade manufactured mature RNA-electroporated DC in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Methods CD14+ cells were isolated from leukapheresis products by immunomagnetic CliniMACS separation and differentiated into mature DC (mDC). mDC were electroporated with clinical-grade mRNA encoding the Wilm's tumor (WT1) antigen, and tested for viability, phenotype, sterility and recovery. To test product safety, increasing doses of DC were administered intradermally four times at 2-week intervals in 10 AML patients. Results In a pre-clinical phase, immunomagnetic monocyte isolation proved superior over plastic adherence in terms of DC purity and lymphocyte contamination. We also validated a simplified DC maturation protocol yielding a consistent phenotype, migration and allogeneic T-cell stimulatory capacity in AML patients in remission. In the clinical trial, highly purified CD14+ cells (94.5±3.4%) were obtained from all patients. A monocyte-to-mDC conversion factor of 25±10% was reached. All DC preparations exhibited high expression of mDC markers. Despite a decreased cell recovery of mDC after a combination of mRNA electroporation and cryopreservation, successful vaccine preparations were obtained in all AML patients. DC injections were well tolerated by all patients. Conclusions Our method yields a standardized, simplified and reproducible preparation of multiple doses of clinical-grade mRNA-transfected DC vaccines from a single apheresis with consistent mature phenotype, recovery, sterility and viability. Intradermal injection of such DC vaccines in AML patients is safe. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Cytotherapy
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Publication
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2009
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ISSN
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1465-3249
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DOI
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10.1080/14653240902960411
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Volume/pages
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11
:5
(2009)
, p. 653-668
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ISI
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000269504400014
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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