Spatial patterns of litter-dwelling taxa in relation to the amounts of coarse woody debris in European temperate deciduous forests

Kappes, Heike; Jabin, Marc; Kulfan, Jan; Zach, Peter; Topp, Werner

doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2008.11.021

Title

Spatial patterns of litter-dwelling taxa in relation to the amounts of coarse woody debris in European temperate deciduous forests

Author

Kappes, Heike

Jabin, Marc

Kulfan, Jan

Zach, Peter

Topp, Werner

Abstract

We studied the leaf litter-dwelling fauna of managed deciduous forests and primeval reference sites in Western and Central Europe and addressed the questions if the higher overall species richness close to downed coarse woody debris (CWD) is related to intra-specific or inter-specific aggregation, if the aggregation pattern changes with the amount of CWD on the forest floor, and how much CWD is needed for different taxa. The analysis is based on shelled Gastropoda, Diplopocla/Isopoda, Chilopoda and Coleoptera. Among-sample heterogeneity was lower close to CWD than distant from CWD. This was most pronounced in Diplopoda/Isopoda and Gastropoda. Diplopoda/Isopoda are comparatively mobile and assemblages were already quite homogenous close to CWD at levels above 5 m(3) downed deadwood ha(-1). Gastropocla have a low mobility, and more than 20 m(3) downed deadwood ha(-1) is needed for assemblage homogeneity. We further focused on the Gastropoda as sensitive indicators. Enhanced densities and species richness close to CWD were not a simple function of leaf litter weight, thus effects of densities on heterogeneity are not solely driven by leaf litter accumulation close to CWD. In contrast to euryecious litter-dwellers such as the Punctidae, stenecious slow active dispersers such as the Clausiliidae clearly require more than 20 m(3) CWD ha(-1) for an even distribution. Specialists depending on CWD even seem to have gone extinct in some managed forests. For conserving the litterdwelling fauna, we propose a target of at least 20 m(3) downed CWD ha-1 in already managed forests and rigorous restrictions for deadwood removal from still (almost) pristine systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Language

English

Source (journal)

Forest ecology and management. - Amsterdam

Publication

Amsterdam : 2009

ISSN

0378-1127

DOI

10.1016/J.FORECO.2008.11.021

Volume/pages

257 :4 (2009) , p. 1255-1260