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Title
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Exchange, idempotent density matrices and beyond
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Author
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Abstract
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| After a brief historical introduction, emphasis is placed on the treatment of exchange using density matrices that are explicitly idempotent. This embraces both Hartee-Fock and density functional 'exchange-only' methods. For an atom, the exchange energy density can be evaluated asymptotically, and unlike the local density approximation it involves not just one length, rho(r)(-1/3), but two, the second being the distance from the nucleus. It is also emphasized, following March and Santamaria [N.H. March, R. Santamaria, Phys. Chem. Liquids 19 (1984) 187] that non-local generalizations of kinetic and exchange energy densities can be related via idemopotency of the Dirac, first-order, density matrix. Examples are then given, starting with the two-level Be atom and its isoelectronic ions, where both Hartree-Fock and density functional exchange-only idempotent density matrices can be expressed in terms of the diagonal density and its gradient, grad rho. This example is followed by the example of a metal surface, but now within a jellium-like-model framework. Some explicit results are again given for such models. Attention is then shifted to a formally exact expression for the exchange-correlation potential, using the differential virial theorem following Holas and March [A. Holas, N.H. March, Phys. Rev. A 51 (1995) 2040]. After a brief physical discussion of the result, in terms now of interacting las well as non-interacting reference) density matrices; both the now non-idempotent first-order density matrix and the interacting electron pair correlation function, the separation of the Holas-March exchange potential into a sum of exchange and correlation pieces is effected, following the approach of Levy and March [M. Levy, N.H. March, Phys. Rev. A 55 (1997) 1885], in which the strength of the electron-electron interactions is scaled appropriately. Finally, the exact equation of motion for the first-order density matrix is treated, and it is stressed here that this is satisfied exactly by the Hartree-Fock idempotent density matrix. Of course, the correct interacting matrix gamma satisfies gamma(2) < gamma, where gamma now includes the full electron-electron interactions. An example of gamma as a function of the electron density is given for He-like atomic ions in the limit of large atomic number. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Language
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English
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Source (journal)
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Theochem: applications of theoretical chemistry to organic, inorganic and biological problems. - Amsterdam, 1981 - 2010
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Publication
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Amsterdam
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2000
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ISSN
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0166-1280
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DOI
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10.1016/S0166-1280(99)00409-1
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Volume/pages
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501
(2000)
, p. 17-27
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ISI
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000087541100003
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Full text (Publisher's DOI)
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Full text (publisher's version - intranet only)
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